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For other uses of the term, see Pluralism (disambiguation). The cross of the war memorial (Church of England / Christianity) and a menorah (Judaism) coexist at the north end of St Giles' in Oxford, England. Religious pluralism is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of religious belief systems co-existing in society.
The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran recognizes Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism as People of the Book and official religions, and they are granted the right to exercise religious freedom in Iran. [28][29] Five of the 270 seats in parliament are reserved for these three religions.
Religious pluralism existed in medieval Islamic law and Islamic ethics, as the religious laws and courts of other religions, including Christianity, Judaism and Hinduism, were usually accommodated within the Islamic legal framework, as exemplified in the Caliphate, Al-Andalus, Ottoman Empire and Indian subcontinent. [ 3 ][ 4 ]
Qur'an, Liberation and Pluralism by Farid Esack. Revival and Reform in Islam by Fazlur Rahman Malik. The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic Thought by Mohammed Arkoun. Unveiling Traditions: Postcolonial Islam in a Polycentric World by Anouar Majid. Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality by Pervez Hoodbhoy.
Rejection of democracy as a Western import and advocacy of traditional Islamic institutions, such as shura (consultation) and ijma (consensus), as exemplified by supporters of absolute monarchy and radical Islamist movements; Belief that democracy requires restricting religion to private life, held by a minority in the Muslim world.
t. e. The theology of religions is the branch of theology (mostly represented by Christian, Hindu, Islamic and Jewish theology [1]) and religious studies that attempts to theologically evaluate the phenomena of religions. Three important schools within Christian theology of religions are pluralism, inclusivism, and exclusivism, which describe ...
He converted to Islam in 1983. He wrote a book entitled Islam and Religious Pluralism in which he advocates "non-reductive religious pluralism". He has been an advocate of interfaith dialogue, and serves on the advisory board of the Society for Religious Studies in Qom. He holds a Ph.D. in philosophy from Rice University (1983).
Guardianship of the Jurist (Wilāyat al-Faqīh) is a concept in Twelver Shia Islamic law that holds that in the absence of (what Twelvers believe is) the religious and political leader of Islam—the "infallible Imam", who Shi'a believe will reappear sometime before Judgement Day) -- righteous Shi'i jurists , [124] should administer "some" of ...