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S. pyogenes is the cause of many human diseases, ranging from mild superficial skin infections to life-threatening systemic diseases. [2] The most frequent manifestations of disease are commonly known as scarlet fever. Infections typically begin in the throat or skin. The most striking sign is a strawberry-like rash.
Group A streptococcal infections are a number of infections with Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus (GAS). [1] S. pyogenes is a species of beta-hemolytic Gram-positive bacteria that is responsible for a wide range of infections that are mostly common and fairly mild.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. [1] Symptoms may include fever, rash, skin peeling, and low blood pressure. [1] There may also be symptoms related to the specific underlying infection such as mastitis, osteomyelitis, necrotising fasciitis, or pneumonia.
The diseases that may be caused include streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, ... The four species shown in the table (S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, ...
Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus (GAS). [3] It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age. [1] The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash. [1]
Rheumatic fever may occur following an infection of the throat by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. [1] If the infection is left untreated, rheumatic fever occurs in up to three percent of people. [6] The underlying mechanism is believed to involve the production of antibodies against a person's own tissues. [1]
The severity of this disease frequently warrants immediate medical treatment. TSS is caused primarily by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes that produce exotoxins. Nevertheless, invasive GBS infection can be complicated, though quite infrequently, by streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STLS).
Strep throat is caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS or S. pyogenes). [16] Humans are the primary natural reservoir for group A streptococcus. [17] Other bacteria such as non–group A β-hemolytic streptococci and fusobacterium may also cause pharyngitis.