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White ethnic ward heelers dominated the Democratic political machines of America's major cities throughout the first half of the 20th century. The ward heelers were often Irish Catholics in close alliance with those of other ethnicities, such as Ashkenazi Jews and Italians in New York City and Polish-Americans and other Eastern Europeans in Chicago.
Indiana University's political scientist Christopher D. DeSante in 2019 developed How Racial Empathy Moderates White Identity and Racial Resentment. The model, which was analyzed by Thomas B. Edsall, is designed to gauge white identity in the contexts of resentment and empathy for non-whites. [25]
The White Racial Identity Model was developed by an African American psychologist, Janet Helms in 1992. [3] It is a racial and ethnic identity model created specifically for people who identify as White. This theory, heavily influenced by William Cross, has become a widely referenced and studied theory on White racial identity development. [4]
It defines "white people" as "people having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa". [6] The Federal Bureau of Investigation uses the same definition. [7] The definition actually does vary and is also published as "a light skinned race", which avoids inclusion of any sort of nationality or ethnicity. [8]
Today the Office for National Statistics uses the term White as an ethnic category. The terms White British, White Irish, White Scottish and White Other are used. These classifications rely on individuals' self-identification, since it is recognised that ethnic identity is not an objective category. [123] Socially, in the UK White usually ...
The U.S. Census' new question combining race and ethnicity will allow respondents to report one or multiple categories to indicate their racial and ethnic identity, according to the U.S. Census ...
Ethnic identity development has also been shown to serve as a buffer between perceived discrimination and depression. [23] Specifically, commitment of an ethnic identity may help to abate depressive symptoms experienced soon after experiencing discrimination, which in turn alleviates overall stress. [24]
On Thursday, White Dudes for Harris unveiled a $10 million ad buy targeting its demographic in the key swings states of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Michigan. The minute-plus video acknowledges ...