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There have been two epidemics of o'nyong'nyong fever. The first occurred from 1959 to 1962, spreading from Uganda to Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Malawi and Mozambique, and affecting over two million people, one of the largest arbovirus epidemics ever recorded.
Influenza A virus and influenza B virus co-circulate, so have the same patterns of transmission. [1] The seasonality of influenza C virus, however, is poorly understood. Influenza C virus infection is most common in children under the age of two, and by adulthood most people have been exposed to it.
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1: 2,035 [284] [285] [286] 2015–16 Zika virus epidemic: 2015–2016 Worldwide Zika virus: 53 [287] 2016 Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo yellow fever outbreak: 2016 Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo: Yellow fever: 498 (377 in Angola, 121 in Congo) [288] 2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak: 2016 ...
West Nile virus; Many factors affect the incidence of vector-borne diseases. These factors include animals hosting the disease, vectors, and people. [21] Humans can also be vectors for some diseases, such as Tobacco mosaic virus, physically transmitting the virus with their hands from plant to plant. [citation needed]
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. [1] Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. [2] [3] Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), [a] also called human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus, is a virus that causes infections of the respiratory tract. It is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. [2] Its name is derived from the large cells known as syncytia that form when infected cells fuse. [2] [3]
In 2015 two novel rhabdoviruses, Ekpoma virus 1 and Ekpoma virus 2, were discovered in samples of blood from two healthy women in southwestern Nigeria. Ekpoma virus 1 and Ekpoma virus 2 appear to replicate well in humans (viral load ranged from ~45,000 - ~4.5 million RNA copies/mL plasma) but did not cause any observable symptoms of disease. [ 24 ]
Poliomyelitis (/ ˌ p oʊ l i oʊ ˌ m aɪ ə ˈ l aɪ t ɪ s / POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. [1] Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; [5] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia.