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The term pseudohistory was coined in the early nineteenth century, which makes the word older than the related terms pseudo-scholarship and pseudoscience. [4] In an attestation from 1815, it is used to refer to the Contest of Homer and Hesiod, a purportedly historical narrative describing an entirely fictional contest between the Greek poets Homer and Hesiod. [5]
A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint that differs significantly from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. Fringe theories include the models and proposals of fringe science, as well as similar ideas in other areas of scholarship, such as the humanities.
Pseudo-scholarship (from pseudo-and scholarship) is a term used to describe work (e.g., publication, lecture) or a body of work that is presented as, but is not, the product of rigorous and objective study or research; the act of producing such work; or the pretended learning upon which it is based. [1] Examples of pseudo-scholarship include:
The philosopher Martin Mahner proposed calling these academic fields the parasciences, to distinguish them from disreputable forms of non-science, such as pseudoscience. [ 1 ] Non-sciences offer information about the meaning of life , human values , the human condition , and ways of interacting with other people, including studies of cultures ...
Larry Laudan has suggested pseudoscience has no scientific meaning and is mostly used to describe human emotions: "If we would stand up and be counted on the side of reason, we ought to drop terms like 'pseudo-science' and 'unscientific' from our vocabulary; they are just hollow phrases which do only emotive work for us". [35]
These psychological traits are in varying degrees demonstrated throughout the remaining chapters of the book, in which Gardner examines particular "fads" he labels pseudo-scientific. His writing became the source book from which many later studies of pseudo-science were taken (e.g. Encyclopedia of Pseudo-science).
Free energy – a class of perpetual motion that purports to create energy (violating the first law of thermodynamics) or extract useful work from equilibrium systems (violating the second law of thermodynamics). [34] [35] Water-fueled cars – an instance of perpetual motion machines. Such devices are claimed to use water as fuel or produce ...
The term "Western Pseudohistory Theory" (simplified Chinese: 西方伪史论; traditional Chinese: 西方偽史論; pinyin: Xīfāng wěi shǐ lùn) is a catch-all term referring to a series of Russian inspired Chinese fringe theories that question the authenticity of Western history, and which generally hold that the histories of ancient Greece, ancient Egypt, and ancient Rome contain a large ...