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Heat-affected zone around a weld. In fusion welding, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is the area of base material, either a metal or a thermoplastic, which is not melted but has had its microstructure and properties altered by welding or heat intensive cutting operations. The heat from the welding process and subsequent re-cooling causes this ...
The addition of scandium to aluminium limits grain growth in the heat-affected zone of welded aluminium components. This has two beneficial effects: the precipitated Al 3 Sc forms smaller crystals than in other aluminium alloys, [2] and the volume of precipitate-free zones at the grain boundaries of age-hardening aluminium alloys is reduced. [2]
The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is a ring surrounding the weld in which the temperature of the welding process, combined with the stresses of uneven heating and cooling, alters the heat-treatment properties of the alloy. The effects of welding on the material surrounding the weld can be detrimental—depending on the materials used and the heat ...
The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is common to all welding processes. As indicated by the name, this region is subjected to a thermal cycle but is not deformed during welding. The temperatures are lower than those in the TMAZ but may still have a significant effect if the micro-structure is thermally unstable.
Thin heat affected zone, oxides disrupted by friction, needs sufficient pressure Aerospace industry, railway, land transport Friction stir welding: 43: FSW A rotating non-consumable tool is traversed along the joint line Shipbuilding, aerospace, railway rolling stock, automotive industry Friction stir spot welding: FSSW
Also, post weld heat treatment (PWHT) will release any residual stresses on the weld joint. Hardness of weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ): Hardness is correlated with the brittleness of the material. To reduce excessive hardness, preheating and PWHT can be applied to the object. Hardness values below 350 VHN have less tendency to crack. [10]
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