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The bootloader; performs basic system initialization options such as loading the hardware abstraction layer and boot-time device drivers, prior to passing control to the Windows kernel. In versions prior to Vista, NTLDR and IA64ldr also display menus to the user if multiple operating systems are defined in boot.ini , or if F8 is pressed.
The disk, tape or card deck must contain a special program to load the actual operating system or standalone utility into main storage, and for this specific purpose "IPL Text" is placed on the disk by the stand-alone DASDI (Direct Access Storage Device Initialization) program or an equivalent program running under an operating system, e.g ...
Windows 7: 2009-10-22 Windows Server 2008 R2: Windows Server 2012: 2012-09-04 Windows 8: 2012-10-26 Windows 8.1: 2013-10-17 Windows Server 2012 R2: 2013-10-18 Windows CE: AutoPC: Pocket PC Pocket PC 2000: 2000 Pocket PC 2002: 2002 Windows 10: 2016 Windows 11: 2021 Windows Mobile
Windows setup decides whether the system is uniprocessor or multiprocessor, then, installs both the PAE and non-PAE variants of the kernel image for the decided kind. On a multiprocessor system, Setup installs ntkrnlmp.exe and ntkrpamp.exe but renames them to ntoskrnl.exe and ntkrnlpa.exe respectively.
An INI file is a configuration file for computer software that consists of plain text with a structure and syntax comprising key–value pairs organized in sections. [1] The name of these configuration files comes from the filename extension INI, short for initialization, used in the MS-DOS operating system which popularized this method of software configuration.
Power supply bad, system not plugged in, or power not turned on No beep If everything seems to be functioning correctly there may be a problem with the 'beeper' itself. The system will normally beep one short beep. One long, two short beeps Video card failure
On May 2, 2017, Microsoft unveiled Windows 10 S (referred to in leaks as Windows 10 Cloud), a feature-limited edition of Windows 10 which was designed primarily for devices in the education market (competing, in particular, with ChromeOS netbooks), such as the Surface Laptop that Microsoft also unveiled at this time. The OS restricts software ...
UEFI requires the firmware and operating system loader (or kernel) to be size-matched; that is, a 64-bit UEFI firmware implementation can load only a 64-bit operating system (OS) boot loader or kernel (unless the CSM-based legacy boot is used) and the same applies to 32-bit.