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A traveling-nut linear actuator has a motor that stays attached to one end of the lead screw (perhaps indirectly through a gear box), the motor spins the lead screw, and the lead nut is restrained from spinning so it travels up and down the lead screw. A traveling-screw linear actuator has a lead screw that passes entirely through the motor.
A leadscrew (or lead screw), also known as a power screw [1] or translation screw, [2] is a screw used as a linkage in a machine, to translate turning motion into linear motion. Because of the large area of sliding contact between their male and female members, screw threads have larger frictional energy losses compared to other linkages.
Differential roller screws modify the rotational speed ratios between the rollers and the screw by varying the flank angles and contact points of the threads or grooves. In that way differential roller screws change the effective lead of the screw. William J. Roantree received a US patent for the "Differential Roller Nut" in 1968. [4]
Two ball screws, including close-ups of the ball assembly of the top screw. Left inset: recirculating tube removed showing retainer bracket, loose balls and tube. Right inset: closer view of the nut cavity. A ball screw (or ballscrew) is a mechanical linear actuator that translates rotational motion to linear motion with little friction.
The mechanism may be a toothed belt or a screw (either a ball or a lead screw or planetary roller screw). The main advantages of electromechanical actuators are their relatively good level of accuracy with respect to pneumatics, their possible long lifecycle and the little maintenance effort required (might require grease).
The lead determines the mechanical advantage of the screw; the smaller the lead, the higher the mechanical advantage. [20] The pitch is defined as the axial distance between the crests of adjacent threads. In most screws, called "single start" screws, which have a single helical thread wrapped around them, the lead and pitch are equal.
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