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A vanishing twin, also known as twin resorption, is a fetus in a multigestation pregnancy that dies in utero and is then partially or completely reabsorbed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In some instances, the dead twin is compressed into a flattened, parchment-like state known as fetus papyraceus .
Inbreeding is also used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
Signs and symptoms of pregnancy are common, benign conditions that result from the changes to the body that occur during pregnancy. Signs and symptoms of pregnancy typically change as pregnancy progresses, although several symptoms may be present throughout. Depending on severity, common symptoms in pregnancy can develop into complications. [1 ...
[9] [10] Early evolutionary models assumed inbreeding depression did not change, which increased the likelihood of stable mixed mating. Ronald Fisher (1941) presented the idea that selfing plants had a genetic transmission advantage over outcrossing plants because selfed offspring would inherit two copies of the seed parent's genome instead of ...
Superfecundation is the fertilization of two or more ova from the same cycle by sperm from separate acts of sexual intercourse, which can lead to twin babies from two separate biological fathers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The term superfecundation is derived from fecund , meaning able to produce offspring.
The cause of the condition lies in conception or utero with the aggregation of two distinct zygotes or blastocysts (one of which expresses 46,XX and the other of which expresses 46,XY) into a single embryo, [4] which subsequently leads to the development of a single individual with two distinct cell lines, instead of a pair of fraternal twins.
The presence of a "T-sign" at the inter-twin membrane-placental junction is indicative of monochorionic-diamniotic twins (that is, the junction between the inter-twin membrane and the external rim forms a right angle), whereas dichorionic twins present with a "lambda (λ) sign" (that is, the chorion forms a wedge-shaped protrusion into the ...
A coefficient of inbreeding can be calculated for an individual, and is typically one-half the coefficient of relationship between the parents. In general, the higher the level of inbreeding the closer the coefficient of relationship between the parents approaches a value of 1, expressed as a percentage, [ a ] and approaches a value of 0 for ...