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A position, for Klein, is a set of psychic functions that correspond to a given phase of development, always appearing during the first year of life, but which are present at all times thereafter and can be reactivated at any time. There are two major positions: the paranoid-schizoid position and the subsequent depressive position. The earlier ...
Depressive anxiety is a term developed in relation to the depressive position by Melanie Klein, building on Freud's seminal article on object relations of 1917, 'Mourning and Melancholia'. [1] Depressive anxiety revolved around a felt state of inner danger produced by the fear of having harmed good internal objects [ 2 ] - as opposed to the ...
Melanie Klein (née Reizes; 30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) ... A depressive position is the understanding that good and evil things are one. The fears and ...
Paranoid anxiety is a term used in object relations theory, particularly in discussions about the Paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions. The term was frequently used by Melanie Klein, [1] [2] especially to refer to a pre-depressive and persecutory sense of anxiety characterised by the psychological splitting of objects. [3]
The term reparation was used by Melanie Klein (1921) to indicate a psychological process of making mental repairs to a damaged internal world. [1] In object relations theory, it represents a key part of the movement from the paranoid-schizoid position to the depressive position — the pain of the latter helping to fuel the urge to reparation.
Melanie Klein It was the latter sense of the term that was predominantly adopted and exploited by Melanie Klein . After Freud, "the most important contribution has come from Melanie Klein, whose work enlightens the idea of 'splitting of the object' ( Objektspaltung ) [ 51 ] (in terms of 'good/bad' objects)". [ 52 ]
Steiner divides the depressive position into two poles: 'a phase of denial of the loss of the object and a phase of experience of the loss of the object '. [4]1. The pole of the fear of the loss of the object — 'stuck in the first phase of the depressive position, in which the fear of loss of the object dominated his defensive organization so that mourning could not be reached there'.
In 1936 she incorporated Melanie Klein's findings on the depressive position in "A Contribution to the Analysis of the Negative Therapeutic Reaction". In the same year she managed to put Klein's theories in the context of Freud's work in "The Genesis of Psychical Conflict in Earliest Infancy," delivered in Vienna in honour of Freud's 80th birthday.