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Early pregnancy bleeding (also called first trimester bleeding) is vaginal bleeding before 14 weeks of gestational age. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If the bleeding is significant, hemorrhagic shock may occur. [ 1 ] Concern for shock is increased in those who have loss of consciousness , chest pain, shortness of breath , or shoulder pain.
Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. [4] Bleeding may be vaginal or less commonly into the abdominal cavity. Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding. Causes of bleeding before and during childbirth include cervicitis, placenta previa, placental abruption and uterine rupture.
Vaginal bleeding from atrophy, vaginitis, and ulcers also attribute to minor haemorrhaging. Similarly, varicosities , tumours or inflammation in the vulva can cause minor antepartum haemorrhaging. Non genital tract bleeding caused by haematuria or haemorrhoids can often be mistaken for antepartum haemorrhaging and are typically harmless.
Pre-labor consists of the early signs before labor starts. It is the body's preparation for real labor. Prodromal labor has been misnamed as “false labor." Prodromal labor begins much as traditional labor but does not progress to the birth of the baby. Not everyone feels this stage of labor, though it does always occur.
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Labor induction is the procedure where a medical professional starts the process of labor instead of letting it start on its own. Labor may be induced (started) if the health of the mother or the baby is at risk. Induction of labor can be accomplished with medication or mechanical methods. [99]
More than half of women affected by placenta praevia (51.6%) have bleeding before delivery. [9] This bleeding often starts mildly and may increase as the area of placental separation increases. Placenta praevia should be suspected if there is bleeding after 24 weeks of gestation. Bleeding after delivery occurs in about 22% of those affected. [2]
Bloody show may occur gradually or all at once, however, it will indicate the pregnant person will go into labor soon. [5] Bloody show is the most common cause of bleeding during late pregnancy and often presents as minor bleeding mixed with mucus alongside other signs of labor initiation (contractions, cervical dilation, cervical effacement). [10]