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The Great Oxidation Event (GOE) or Great Oxygenation Event, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Revolution, Oxygen Crisis or Oxygen Holocaust, [2] was a time interval during the Earth's Paleoproterozoic era when the Earth's atmosphere and shallow seas first experienced a rise in the concentration of free oxygen. [3]
The estimated time until a gamma-ray burst, or massive, hyperenergetic supernova, occurs within 6,500 light-years of Earth; close enough for its rays to affect Earth's ozone layer and potentially trigger a mass extinction, assuming the hypothesis is correct that a previous such explosion triggered the Ordovician–Silurian extinction event ...
The ablation and vaporization caused by Earth's fall on a decaying trajectory towards the Sun may remove Earth's mantle, leaving just the core, which will finally be destroyed after at most 200 years. [102] [103] Earth's sole legacy will be a very slight increase (0.01%) of the solar metallicity following this event. [104]: IIC
US Geological Survey researchers say there could be 5.6 trillion metric tonnes of hydrogen in rocks and underground reservoirs Small fraction of hydrogen trapped under Earth can power humanity for ...
The chemical reaction is powered by the light energy of sunshine. Sunlight is required to combine carbon with hydrogen and oxygen into an energy source, but ecosystems in the deep sea, where no sunlight can penetrate, obtain energy from sulfur. Hydrogen sulfide near hydrothermal vents can be utilized by organisms such as the giant tube worm.
The increase in oxygen concentrations had wide ranging and significant impacts on Earth's biosphere. Most significantly, the rise of oxygen and the oxidative depletion of greenhouse gases (especially atmospheric methane ) due to the GOE led to an icehouse Earth that caused a mass extinction of anaerobic microbes , but paved the way for the ...
The escape of any atmospheric gas can be diffusion-limited, but only diffusion-limited escape of hydrogen has been observed in our solar system, on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan. [1] Diffusion-limited hydrogen escape was likely important for the rise of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere ( the Great Oxidation Event ) and can be used to estimate the ...
Sagan and Mullen suggested during their descriptions of the paradox that it might be solved by high concentrations of ammonia gas, NH 3. [4] However, it has since been shown that while ammonia is an effective greenhouse gas, it is easily destroyed photochemically in the atmosphere and converted to nitrogen (N 2) and hydrogen (H 2) gases. [9]