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The Varna culture is characterized by polychrome pottery and rich cemeteries, the most famous of which are Varna Necropolis, the eponymous site, and the Durankulak lake complex, which comprises the largest prehistoric cemetery in southeastern Europe, with an adjoining coeval Neolithic settlement (published) and an unpublished and incompletely ...
Varna necropolis, grave offerings on exhibit at the Varna Museum. The site was accidentally discovered in October 1972 by excavator operator Raycho Marinov. The first person to value the significant historical meaning was Dimitar Zlatarski, the creator of the Dalgopol Historical Museum, when he was called by the locals to examine what they had found earlier that day.
The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dated to 4600–4200 BC. [4] Since the discovery of the Varna Necropolis in 1974, 294 burial sites have been found, with over 3000 golden items inside. [5]
Thracian rituals such as the Tryphon Zarezan which is dedicated to Saint Tryphon of Campsada, Kukeri and Martenitsa are to this day kept alive in the modern Bulgarian culture. The oldest treasure of worked gold in the world, dating back to the 5th millennium BC, comes from the site of the Varna Necropolis. [1] Kukeri in Razlog
The eneolithic Varna culture (5000 BC) [12] represents the first civilization with a sophisticated social hierarchy in Europe. The centrepiece of this culture is the Varna Necropolis, discovered in the early 1970s.
Gold, copper, ceramic and stone artefacts, Varna culture, Bulgaria, c. 4500 BC. In historical times, some ethnonyms are believed to correspond to Pre-Indo-European peoples, assumed to be the descendants of the earlier Old European cultures: the Pelasgians, Minoans, Leleges, Iberians, Nuragic people, Etruscans, Rhaetians, Camunni and Basques.
1201 – Siege of Varna (1201) by forces of Kaloyan of Bulgaria. 1389 – Ottoman Turks in power. [2] Battle of Varna, 19th-century painting by Jan Matejko. 1444 – 10 November: Battle of Varna. [3] 1606 – Varna sacked by Cossacks. [4] 1828 – Siege of Varna. [3] 1854 – During Crimean War, allied forces based temporarily at Varna. [3]
The Thinker of Hamangia, Neolithic Hamangia culture (c. 5250-4550 BC) Artefacts from the Varna necropolis, Bulgaria Elite burial at the Varna necropolis, original find photo (detail) Southeastern Europe was the site of major Neolithic cultures, including Butmir, Vinča, Varna, Karanovo, Hamangia and Sesklo.