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Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia
Birth defect is a widely used term for a congenital malformation, i.e. a congenital, physical anomaly that is recognizable at birth, and which is significant enough to be considered a problem.
Initially, fewer studies documented risks of prenatal exposure to DES on males (referred to as "DES sons"). In the 1970s and early 1980s, studies published on prenatally DES-exposed males investigated increased risk of testicular cancer, infertility and urogenital abnormalities in development, such as cryptorchidism and hypospadias.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) Congenital hyperinsulinism; Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) Conjoined twins; Costello syndrome; Craniopagus ...
Other antiepileptic drug-related fetopathies, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Prevention: Avoiding valproic acid during pregnancy, using alternative medications, folic acid supplementation: Treatment: Multidisciplinary management including regular monitoring, early intervention therapies, surgical correction of anomalies, supportive therapies ...
Fetal warfarin syndrome is a disorder of the embryo which occurs in a child whose mother took the medication warfarin (brand name: Coumadin) during pregnancy.Resulting abnormalities include low birth weight, slower growth, intellectual disability, deafness, small head size, and malformed bones, cartilage, and joints.
Phocomelia is a congenital condition that involves malformations of human arms and legs which result in a flipper-like appendage. [1] [2] A prominent cause of phocomelia is the mother being prescribed the use of the drug thalidomide during pregnancy; however, the causes of most cases are to be determined.
Developmental defects manifest in approximately 3% to 5% of newborns in the United States, between 2% to 3% of which are teratogen-induced. [22] Congenital disorders are responsible for 20% of infant deaths. [23] The most common congenital diseases are heart defects, Down syndrome, and neural tube defects. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of ...