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The four-toed salamander can be easily mistaken for the redback salamander (Plethodon cinereus) in the wild. The redback salamander's underbelly has more numerous black markings. Unlike the four-toed salamander, the redback salamander has no constriction at the tail base, and its posterior limbs show five digits. [3]: 241–242
Northern and northwestern Arkansas Four-toed salamander: Hemidactylium scutatum (Temminck, 1838: Imperiled [46] Western Arkansas in central Ouachita Mountains, distinct population in Cleburne County: Western slimy salamander: Plethodon albagula Grobman, 1944: Apparently secure [47] Forms a species complex with P. kiamichi and P. kisatchie
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere , from British Columbia to Brazil.
The Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is a 76,000 acre (307.56 km 2) national wildlife refuge located in south-central Arkansas in Ashley, Bradley, and Union counties. Felsenthal NWR is one of three refuges forming an administrative complex, which also includes Pond Creek NWR to the northwest and Overflow NWR to the east.
Plethodon is part of the family Plethodontidae (lungless salamanders) and the subfamily Plethodontinae.The genus Plethodon can be divided into two subgenera: the nominal subgenus Plethodon, which includes up to 49 eastern species (the bulk of diversity in the genus), and the subgenus Hightonia, [5] which includes 9 species native to the western part of North America.
The Caddo Mountain salamander (Plethodon caddoensis) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to Arkansas in the south-central United States, and only known from the Caddo Mountains, a part of the Ouachita Mountains. [1] [2] [3]
The event takes place at night to minimize predation. The rain on the big night keeps the salamanders skin from becoming dry. [1] Amphibians such as salamanders and frogs in a local area usually use the same overwintering area and the same breeding area, returning generation after generation to the area in which they were spawned.
The long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum, Baird 1849) [4] is a mole salamander in the family Ambystomatidae. This species, typically 4.1–8.9 cm ( 1 + 3 ⁄ 5 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long when mature, is characterized by its mottled black, brown and yellow pigmentation, and its long outer fourth toe on the hind limbs.