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Hand kneading dough for bread How-to knead dough. In cooking (and more specifically baking), kneading is a process in the making of bread or dough, used to mix the ingredients and add strength to the final product. It allows the process of baking to be shortened by developing the gluten more quickly than it would develop in the absence of ...
Gluten is a structural protein naturally found in certain cereal grains. [1] The term gluten usually refers to the elastic network of a wheat grain's proteins, gliadin and glutenin primarily, that forms readily with the addition of water and often kneading in the case of bread dough. [2]
The gluten is developed in the mixing or kneading process, and it may then be processed through further work and rest cycles before being proofed then baked. The sum of the sponge and final dough's ingredients represents the total formula. [3] [7] [note 3] A generic 65% pre-fermented flour sponge-and-dough formula using bakers' percentages follows:
Kneading is the process of working a dough to produce a smooth, elastic dough by developing gluten. [14] This process is both temperature and time-dependent; temperatures that are either too hot or too cold will cause the yeast to not develop, and rising times that are either too short or too long will affect the final product. [citation needed]
When relatively dry dough is worked by kneading, or wet dough is allowed to rise for a long time (see no-knead bread), the glutenin forms strands of long, thin, chainlike molecules, while the shorter gliadin forms bridges between the strands of glutenin. The resulting networks of strands produced by these two proteins are known as gluten.
Straight dough is a single-mix process of making bread. The dough is made from all fresh ingredients, and they are all placed together and combined in one kneading or mixing session. After mixing, a bulk fermentation [1] rest of about 1 hour or longer occurs before division. [2] It is also called the direct dough method. [3] [4]
The process of making yeast-leavened bread involves a series of alternating work and rest periods. Work periods occur when the dough is manipulated by the baker. Some work periods are called mixing, kneading, and folding, as well as division, shaping, and panning. Work periods are typically followed by rest periods, which occur when dough is ...
No-knead bread is a method of bread baking that uses a very long fermentation (rising) time instead of kneading to form the gluten strands that give the bread its texture. It is characterized by a low yeast content and a very wet dough.