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Radiochemistry is the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable).
Non-mononuclidic elements are marked with an asterisk, and the long-lived primordial radioisotope given.In two cases (indium and rhenium), the most abundant naturally occurring isotope is the mildly radioactive one, and in the case of europium, nearly half of it is.
Not all atoms attract electrons with the same force. The amount of "pull" an atom exerts on its electrons is called its electronegativity.Atoms with high electronegativities – such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen – exert a greater pull on electrons than atoms with lower electronegativities such as alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
Similarly, using other radioactive elements, the age of rocks and other geological features (even some man-made objects) can be determined; this is called Radiometric dating. Environmental scientists use radioactive atoms, known as tracer atoms, to identify the pathways taken by pollutants through the environment.
Its immediate decay product is the dense radioactive noble gas radon (specifically the isotope 222 Rn), which is responsible for much of the danger of environmental radium. [14] [b] It is 2.7 million times more radioactive than the same molar amount of natural uranium (mostly uranium-238), due to its proportionally shorter half-life. [15] [16]
Less reactive than iodine, astatine is the least reactive of the halogens; [51] the chemical properties of tennessine, the next-heavier group 17 element, have not yet been investigated, however. [52] Astatine compounds have been synthesized in nano-scale amounts and studied as intensively as possible before their radioactive disintegration. The ...
The darker more stable isotope region departs from the line of protons (Z) = neutrons (N), as the element number Z becomes larger. This is a list of chemical elements by the stability of their isotopes. Of the first 82 elements in the periodic table, 80 have isotopes considered to be stable. [1] Overall, there are 251 known stable isotopes in ...
Radioactive nonprimordial, but naturally occurring on Earth. 61 347 Carbon-14 (and other isotopes generated by cosmic rays) and daughters of radioactive primordial elements, such as radium, polonium, etc. 41 of these have a half life of greater than one hour. Radioactive synthetic half-life ≥ 1.0 hour). Includes most useful radiotracers. 662 989