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  2. Geospatial topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatial_topology

    Geospatial topology is the study and application of qualitative spatial relationships between geographic features, or between representations of such features in geographic information, such as in geographic information systems (GIS). [1]

  3. DE-9IM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DE-9IM

    The Dimensionally Extended 9-Intersection Model (DE-9IM) is a topological model and a standard used to describe the spatial relations of two regions (two geometries in two-dimensions, R 2), in geometry, point-set topology, geospatial topology, and fields related to computer spatial analysis.

  4. Geographic data and information - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_data_and...

    [1] [2] It is also called geospatial data and information, [citation needed] georeferenced data and information, [citation needed] as well as geodata and geoinformation. [ citation needed ] Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS).

  5. Topographic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map

    Sergeant Chris D. Washington checking his Topographic map during a morning deer hunt in Kilgore, Texas A topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines Part of the same map in a perspective shaded relief view illustrating how the contour lines follow the terrain Sheet #535 (2013 version; second digital edition) of MTN50 Spanish National Topographic map series, covering Algete town (near ...

  6. Topology (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology_(disambiguation)

    Geospatial topology, the study or science of places with applications in earth science, geography, human geography, and geomorphology. In geographic information systems and their data structures, topology and planar enforcement are the storing of a border line between two neighboring areas (and the border point between two connecting lines) only once.

  7. Topography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography

    A geographic information system (GIS) can recognize and analyze the spatial relationships that exist within digitally stored spatial data. These topological relationships allow complex spatial modelling and analysis to be performed. Topological relationships between geometric entities traditionally include adjacency (what adjoins what ...

  8. Shapefile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile

    The shapefile format is a geospatial vector data format for geographic information system (GIS) software.It is developed and regulated by Esri as a mostly open specification for data interoperability among Esri and other GIS software products. [1]

  9. Data model (GIS) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_model_(GIS)

    Because the world is much more complex than can be represented in a computer, all geospatial data are incomplete approximations of the world. [9] Thus, most geospatial data models encode some form of strategy for collecting a finite sample of an often infinite domain, and a structure to organize the sample in such a way as to enable interpolation of the nature of the unsampled portion.