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The cytotrophoblast secretes proteolytic enzymes to break down the extracellular matrix between the endometrial cells to allow finger-like projections of trophoblast to penetrate through. Projections of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast pull the embryo into the endometrium until it is fully covered by endometrial epithelium, save for the ...
After implantation, cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast, composed of stem cells which give rise to cells comprising the chorionic villi, placenta, and syncytiotrophoblast. After implantation, syncytiotrophoblast is the outermost layer of the trophoblast.
This core is surrounded by two layers of trophoblasts, the cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast. The cytotrophoblast is a layer of mono-nucleated cells that resides underneath the syncytiotrophoblast. [6] The syncytiotrophoblast is composed of fused cytotrophoblasts which then form a layer that covers the placental surface. [6]
Diagram of stages of developing blastocyst in the human until implantation. There are two stages of migration involved in implantation, the first is the migration of the zygote, and the second is the migration of the trophoblast. [13] Fertilization of the oocyte, takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
In the placenta, the intervillous space is the space between chorionic villi, and contains maternal blood.. The trophoblast, which is a collection of cells that invades the maternal endometrium to gain access to nutrition for the fetus, proliferates rapidly and forms a network of branching processes which cover the entire embryo and invade and destroy the maternal tissues.
A cytotrophoblast cap penetrates through the fetus' syncytiotrophoblasts and reaches the maternal decidua, forming the anchoring villus. [1] [3] [4] The cytotrophoblast layer spreads and contacts the cytotrophoblast layers of neighboring anchoring villi, creating a continuous layer called the cytotrophoblastic shell.
Placenta shown with attached fetal membranes. The fetal membranes surround the developing embryo and form the fetal-maternal interface. [3] The fetal membranes are derived from the trophoblast layer (outer layer of cells) of the implanting blastocyst. [3]
Placenta with attached fetal membranes (ruptured at the margin at the left in the image), which consists of the chorion (outer layer) and amnion (inner layer).. The part of the chorion that is in contact with the decidua capsularis undergoes atrophy, so that by the fourth month scarcely a trace of the villi is left.