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Chronic stress is the physiological or psychological response induced by a long-term internal or external stressor. [1] The stressor, either physically present or recollected, will produce the same effect and trigger a chronic stress response. [ 1 ]
Hans Selye defined stress as “the nonspecific (that is, common) result of any demand upon the body, be the effect mental or somatic.” [5] This includes the medical definition of stress as a physical demand and the colloquial definition of stress as a psychological demand. A stressor is inherently neutral meaning that the same stressor can ...
Chronic stress can include events such as caring for a spouse with dementia, or may result from brief focal events that have long term effects, such as experiencing a sexual assault. Studies have also shown that psychological stress may directly contribute to the disproportionately high rates of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality ...
WM is affected to a greater extent by stress than Long-term memory. [33] Stress has been shown to both improve and impair WM. In a study by Duncko et al., the positive effect of stress manifested itself as a decreased reaction time in participants, while the negative effect of stress causes more false alarms and mistakes when compared to a ...
The long-term impact of childhood adversity (e.g., abuse, neglect) has been shown to have lasting effects, including the increased risk for allostatic load in adulthood. [27] Regardless of the type, an association between discrimination and allostatic load in adulthood has been found. [ 28 ]
Prolonged stress leads to adverse effects such as permanent emotional or developmental damage. [4] If sufficient support is not available, this type of stress can result in permanent changes in brain development. [4] Research has found that children experiencing severe and long-term abuse have smaller brain sizes. [15]
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder is a long term mental health condition which often requires treatment by highly skilled mental health professionals who specialize in trauma informed modalities designed to process and integrate childhood trauma memories for the purposes of mitigating symptoms and improving the survivor's quality of life.
Running or any other form of exercise would also be considered an acute stressor. Some exciting or exhilarating experiences such as riding a roller coaster is an acute stress but is usually very enjoyable. Acute stress is a short term stress and as a result, does not have enough time to do the damage that long term stress causes. [29]