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The Third Reich, [l] meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800/962–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, [m] ended in May 1945, after only 12 years, when the Allies ...
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich is Shirer's comprehensive historical interpretation of the Nazi era, positing that German history logically proceeded from Martin Luther to Adolf Hitler; [3] [a] [page needed] and that Hitler's accession to power was an expression of German national character, not of totalitarianism as an ideology that was internationally fashionable in the 1930s.
When President Hindenburg died in August 1934, the Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich merged the offices of Reich President and Chancellor and conferred the position on Hitler, who thus also became head of state and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. [5] By 1939, party membership was compulsory for all civil service ...
Nazi Germany, the state often referred to as the Third Reich, which lasted from the Enabling Act in 1933 until the end of World War II in Europe in 1945. It continued to use the official name, Deutsches Reich, until 1943, when it was renamed to the Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).
A critical reminder that Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933 and killed himself in 1945, that a mere 12 years of Reich rule turned Germany into a genocidal autocracy.
Originally, Hitler's first cabinet was called the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation, [2] which was a coalition of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and the national conservative German National People's Party (DNVP).
The book Das Dritte Reich (1923), translated as "The Third Reich", by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck. Wilhelm Stapel, an antisemitic German intellectual, used Spengler's thesis on the cultural confrontation between Jews as whom Spengler described as a Magian people versus Europeans as a Faustian people. [143]
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671624200. OCLC 1039308032. Stackelberg, Roderick (2007). The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415308601. OCLC 647694517. Zentner, Christian; Bedurftig, Friedemann (1997) [1991]. The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York: Da Capo ...