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Roller-printed cotton cushion cover panel, 1904, Silver Studio V&A Museum no. CIRC.675–1966 Indigo Blue & White printed cloth, American Printing Company, about 1910. Roller printing, also called cylinder printing or machine printing, on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing.
Man-made fibres (made by industrial processes) including nylon, polyester will be used in some hobbies and handicrafts and in the developed world. Almost all commercial textiles are produced by industrial methods. Textiles are still produced by pre-industrial processes in village communities in Asia, Africa and South America.
In a flocking machine the "flock" is given a negative charge whilst the substrate is earthed. Flock material flies vertically onto the substrate attaching to previously applied glue. A number of different substrates can be flocked including textiles, fabric, woven fabric, paper, PVC, sponge, toys, and automotive plastic.
Mockado is a woollen pile fabric made in imitation of silk velvet. [18] [19] [20] modal Modal is a cellulose fiber made by spinning reconstituted cellulose from beech trees. mohair Mohair is a silk-like fabric made from the hair of the Angora goat. It is durable, light and warm, although some people find it uncomfortably itchy. mungo
A variety of ageing machines are used for this purpose. The names of the ageing machines include loop ager, festoon ager, cottage steamer, star steamer, and tower ager. Some machines are used for batch processing, while others are used for continuous processing; a loop ager is a continuous type of machine. [1] [9]
The jet dyeing machine use a low specific liquor ratio ranging from 1:5 to 1:15. The process involves making the fabric into a loop. This is done by sewing the ends together. The fabric is then moved slowly through the autoclave located inside the dye vat. The fabric is immersed in the dye solution which fills the vat.
1900 – Heinrich Stoll creates the flat bed purl knitting machine. 1910 – Spiers invents the circular bed purl knitting machine. c. 1920 – Hattersley loom developed by George Hattersley and Sons. 1924 – Celanese Corporation produces the first acetate fiber. 1928 – International Bureau of Standardization of Man Made Fibers founded. [24]
With textiles, fabric is passed between calender rollers at high temperatures and pressures. Calendering is used on fabrics such as moire to produce its watered effect and also on cambric and some types of sateens. In preparation for calendering, the fabric is folded lengthwise with the front side, or face, inside, and stitched together along ...