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The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) is a project hosted by scientists at the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), with support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a part of the National Institutes of Health [permanent dead link ] (NIH), and Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
An epitope, also known as antigenic determinant, is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. The part of an antibody that binds to the epitope is called a paratope .
This database serves as a resource for data on antibody and T cell epitopes studied in humans, non-human primates, and other species as it relates to disease, allergies, autoimmunity, and transplantation. The database also has tools to assist in the prediction and analysis of epitopes. [21]
T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on their cell surface. T cells are born from hematopoietic stem cells, [1] found in the bone marrow.
In immunology, epitope mapping is the process of experimentally identifying the binding site, or epitope, of an antibody on its target antigen (usually, on a protein). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Identification and characterization of antibody binding sites aid in the discovery and development of new therapeutics , vaccines , and diagnostics .
In 1982, Nobel laureate James P. Allison first discovered a clonally expressed T-cell surface epitope in murine T lymphoma. [6] In 1983, Ellis Reinherz first defined the structure of the human T-cell receptor using anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies to T-cell clones, complemented by studies in the mouse by Philippa Marrack and John Kappler.
Autoreactive T cells are activated de novo by self epitopes released secondary to pathogen-specific T cell-mediated bystander damage. [16] T cell responses to progressively less dominant epitopes are activated as a consequence of the release of other antigens secondary to the destruction of the pathogen with a homologous immunodominant sequence.
Sette co-leads the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), an NIAID-funded online database that catalogues epitopes involved in immune system recognition of allergens, infectious diseases, autoantigens, and transplanted tissue in humans and various species. In 2020, Sette published the first study of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes targeted by the human immune ...