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The male's vocal folds are between 1.75 cm and 2.5 cm (approx 0.75" to 1.0") in length, [3] while females' vocal folds are between 1.25 cm and 1.75 cm (approx 0.5" to 0.75") in length. The vocal folds of children are much shorter than those of adult males and females.
Phonation requires the vocal cords to be adducted (positioned towards the midline) so that they can meet and vibrate together as air is expelled between them. Physiologically, the glottis is closed by intrinsic laryngeal muscles such as the lateral cricoarytenoid , thyroarytenoid , and interarytenoid muscles. [ 1 ]
The vocal timbres created by physical changes in the vocal fold vibrations and muscular changes in the laryngeal muscles are known as glottal configurations. [11] These configurations happen as a result of adduction and abduction of the glottis. A glottal configuration is the area in which the vocal folds come together when phonating.
In speech, voiceless phones are associated with vocal folds that are elongated, highly tensed, and placed laterally (abducted) when compared to vocal folds during phonation. [6] Fundamental frequency, the main acoustic cue for the percept pitch, can be varied through a variety of means.
It is the properties of tension and elasticity that allow the vocal folds to be stretched, bunched, brought together and separated. During prephonation, the vocal folds move from the abducted to adducted position. Subglottal pressure builds and air flow forces the folds apart, inferiorly to superiorly. If the volume of airflow is constant, the ...
Grunting while lifting heavy objects is the result of some air escaping through the adducted vocal cords ready for phonation. [13] Abduction of the vocal cords is important during physical exertion. The vocal cords are separated by about 8 mm (0.31 in) during normal respiration, but this width is doubled during forced respiration. [13]
The lungs, the "pump" must produce adequate airflow and air pressure to vibrate vocal folds. The vocal folds (vocal cords) then vibrate to use airflow from the lungs to create audible pulses that form the laryngeal sound source. [1] The muscles of the larynx adjust the length and tension of the vocal folds to 'fine-tune' pitch and tone.
Just above the vocal process is a shallow depression, the oblong fovea of the arytenoid cartilage. Together they constitute the insertion for the vocalis muscle. [3] Vocal process granulomas are rare and benign lesions that occur in 0.9–2.7% of adults with a voice disorder. Most occurrences and forms of vocal process granulomas regress ...