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ST8:USA300 is a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that has emerged as a particularly antibiotic resistant epidemic that is responsible for rapidly progressive, fatal diseases including necrotizing pneumonia, severe sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. [1]
Vogel–Johnson agar is a type of agar growth medium selective for coagulase-positive staphylococci. It is used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens and food. It was first described by Vogel and Johnson, who modified the Tellurite Glycine Agar recipe by Zebovitz et al. by doubling the mannitol concentration to 1% (w/v) and ...
[9] [23] An example is the use of PCR to detect the mecA gene for beta-lactam resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [9] Other examples include assays for testing vancomycin resistance genes vanA and vanB in Enterococcus species, and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. [9]
In clinics, more often than not, exact pathogens cannot be easily determined by symptoms of the patient. Then, even if the pathogen is determined, different strains of pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, have varying levels of resistance to antimicrobials. As such, it is difficult to prescribe correct antimicrobials. [16]
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative anaerobe, meaning that it can grow without oxygen. [1]
S. aureus is also implicated [6] in toxic shock syndrome; during the 1980s some tampons allowed the rapid growth of S. aureus, which released toxins that were absorbed into the bloodstream. Any S. aureus infection can cause the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a cutaneous reaction to exotoxin absorbed into the
An MSA plate with Micrococcus sp. (1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2) and S. aureus colonies (3). Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others. [1]
Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobes (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically). [15] All species grow in the presence of bile salts. All strains of Staphylococcus aureus were once thought to be coagulase-positive, but this has since been disproven. [16] [17] [18] Growth can also occur in a 6.5% NaCl solution. [15]