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In all grain brewing the wort is made by making a mash from crushed malted barley (or alternative grain adjuncts such as unmalted barley, wheat, oats, corn or rye) and hot water. This requires a vessel known as a mash tun , which is often insulated, or can be done in a single brewing vessel if the homebrewer is using the BIAB method.
American brewing combines British and Central European heritages, and as such uses all the above forms of beer malt; Belgian-style brewing is less common but its popularity is growing. In addition, America also makes use of some specialized malts: 6-row pale malt is a pale malt made from a different species of barley. Quite high in nitrogen, 6 ...
A close-up view of grains steeping in warm water during the mashing stage of brewing. In brewing and distilling, mashing is the process of combining ground grain – malted barley and sometimes supplementary grains such as corn, sorghum, rye, or wheat (known as the "grain bill") – with water and then heating the mixture.
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Sour mashing is also a process sometimes used in brewing to make sour beers in a short time frame. In the brewing version of sour mashing, brewers mash in their grains to begin the brewing process, but instead of extracting the wort from the grains at the end of the mash (typically in less than 90 minutes), the brewer leaves the grains and wort ...
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The starch in the grains undergoes saccharification by enzymes, turning the starch into sugars that are released into the water. The water is removed from the grain, and becomes wort for brewing. The remaining grain, called "spent grain" for the removal of simple sugars and starch, can then be sold as a by-product.
The watering system should not beat down on the grain bed and form a channel. Large breweries have self-closing inlets on the bottom of the tun through which the mash is transferred to the lauter tun, and one outlet, also on the bottom of the tun, into which the spent grains fall after lautering is complete.