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The genetic code was once believed to be universal: [20] a codon would code for the same amino acid regardless of the organism or source. However, it is now agreed that the genetic code evolves, [21] resulting in discrepancies in how a codon is translated depending on the genetic source.
This is the standard genetic code (NCBI table 1), in amino acid→codon form. By default it is the DNA code; for the RNA code (using Uracil rather than Thymine), add template parameter "T=U". Also listed are the compressed codon forme, using IUPAC nucleic acid notation. It's referenced in a couple of places, so have a single master copy.
This is the standard or universal genetic code. This table is found in both DNA Codon Table and Genetic Code (And probably a few other places), so I'm pulling it out so it can be common. By default it's the DNA code (using the letter T for Thymine); use template parameter "T=U" to make it the RNA code (using U for Uracil).
In particular, the genetic code clusters certain amino acid assignments. Amino acids that share the same biosynthetic pathway tend to have the same first base in their codons. This could be an evolutionary relic of an early, simpler genetic code with fewer amino acids that later evolved to code a larger set of amino acids. [84]
The vertebrate mitochondrial code; The yeast mitochondrial code; The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code; The invertebrate mitochondrial code; The ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code; The deleted kinetoplast code; cf. table 4. deleted, cf. table 1. The echinoderm and flatworm ...
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For each nucleotide triplet (square brackets), the corresponding amino acid is given (one-letter code), either in the +1 reading frame for MT-ATP8 (in red) or in the +3 frame for MT-ATP6 (in blue). In this genomic region, the two genes overlap. The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.
The 20 amino acids that are encoded directly by the codons of the universal genetic code are called standard or canonical amino acids. A modified form of methionine ( N -formylmethionine ) is often incorporated in place of methionine as the initial amino acid of proteins in bacteria, mitochondria and plastids (including chloroplasts).