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In geometry, tangent circles (also known as kissing circles) are circles in a common plane that intersect in a single point. There are two types of tangency : internal and external. Many problems and constructions in geometry are related to tangent circles; such problems often have real-life applications such as trilateration and maximizing the ...
In Euclidean plane geometry, a tangent line to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly one point, never entering the circle's interior.Tangent lines to circles form the subject of several theorems, and play an important role in many geometrical constructions and proofs.
A circle with 1st-order contact (tangent) A circle with 2nd-order contact (osculating) A circle with 3rd-order contact at a vertex of a curve. For each point S(t) on a smooth plane curve S, there is exactly one osculating circle, whose radius is the reciprocal of κ(t), the curvature of S at t.
This circle is tangent to the two given circles in points Q, P'. The proof for the other pair of antihomologous points (P, Q'), as well as in the case of the internal homothetic center is analogous. Figure 6: Family of tangent circles for the external homothetic center Figure 7: Family of tangent circles for the internal homothetic center
A tangent, a chord, and a secant to a circle. The intuitive notion that a tangent line "touches" a curve can be made more explicit by considering the sequence of straight lines (secant lines) passing through two points, A and B, those that lie on the function curve. The tangent at A is the limit when point B approximates or tends to A. The ...
The intersection graph of a circle packing is the graph having a vertex for each circle, and an edge for every pair of circles that are tangent. If the circle packing is on the plane, or, equivalently, on the sphere, then its intersection graph is called a coin graph; more generally, intersection graphs of interior-disjoint geometric objects ...
If the two given circles are tangent at a point, the Steiner chain becomes an infinite Pappus chain, which is often discussed in the context of the arbelos (shoemaker's knife), a geometric figure made from three circles. There is no general name for a sequence of circles tangent to two given circles that intersect at two points.
The circle with center at Q and with radius R is called the osculating circle to the curve γ at the point P. If C is a regular space curve then the osculating circle is defined in a similar way, using the principal normal vector N. It lies in the osculating plane, the plane spanned by the tangent and principal normal vectors T and N at the ...