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Because the set of primes is a computably enumerable set, by Matiyasevich's theorem, it can be obtained from a system of Diophantine equations. Jones et al. (1976) found an explicit set of 14 Diophantine equations in 26 variables, such that a given number k + 2 is prime if and only if that system has a solution in nonnegative integers: [7]
In mathematics, the nth-term test for divergence [1] is a simple test for the divergence of an infinite series: If ...
A geometric progression, also known as a geometric sequence, is a mathematical sequence of non-zero numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous one by a fixed number called the common ratio. For example, the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ... is a geometric progression with a common ratio of 3.
This is also known as the nth-term test, test for divergence, or the divergence test. Ratio test. This is also known as d'Alembert's criterion.
In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.
Computation of the sum 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + 14. When the sequence is reversed and added to itself term by term, the resulting sequence has a single repeated value in it, equal to the sum of the first and last numbers (2 + 14 = 16). Thus 16 × 5 = 80 is twice the sum.
To calculate 16 n−k mod (8k + 1) quickly and efficiently, the modular exponentiation algorithm is done at the same loop level, not nested. When its running 16x product becomes greater than one, the modulus is taken, just as for the running total in each sum. Now to complete the calculation, this must be applied to each of the four sums in turn.
To calculate a Pythagorean triple, take any term of this sequence and convert it to an improper fraction (for mixed number , the corresponding improper fraction is ). Then its numerator and denominator are the sides, b and a, of a right triangle, and the hypotenuse is b + 1. For example: