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Obedience to political authorities in Islam refers to Surah Nisa verse 59, known as the 'verse of obedience' (Arabic: آية الطاعة), which calls for obedience to Allah and the Islamic Prophet Muhammad as well as to the ulu'l-amr or incumbent authorities (rulers and ulama), which is obedience to valid Islamic injunctions.
Terms associated with right-doing in Islam include: Akhlaq (Arabic: أخلاق) is the practice of virtue, morality and manners in Islamic theology and falsafah ().The science of ethics (`Ilm al-Akhlaq) teaches that through practice and conscious effort man can surpass their natural dispositions and natural state to become more ethical and well mannered.
Ibadat (عبادات) is the plural form of ibādah.In addition to meaning more than one ibādah, [7] it refers to Islamic jurisprudence on “the rules governing worship in Islam” [8] or the “religious duties of worship incumbent on all Muslims when they come of age and are of sound body and mind.” [9] It is distinguished from other fields of jurisprudence in Islam, which are usually ...
In Sunni Islam, the verse is linked to Muhammad's appointment of Abd Allah ibn Hudhafa to command a detachment in the Muslim army. [2] The obedience to Muhammad and those in authority is tantamount in this verse to the obedience to God, which the historian al-Tabari (d. 310/923) supports with a prophetic hadith in his exegesis.
The term simply meant "behavior" in pre-Islamic Arabia, although it included other norms and habits of conduct. The term does not appear very often in the 7th century (1st Islamic century). With the spread of Islam, it acquired a meaning of "practical ethics" (rather than directly religious strictures) around the 8th century.
Not only is the rule of Islamic jurists and obedience toward them an obligation of Islam, it is as important a religious obligation as any a Muslim has. Obedience to holders of authority like Islamic jurists "is actually an expression of obedience to God." [41] Preserving Islam "is more necessary even than prayer and fasting" [42] and (Khomeini ...
Islamic law, sharia, touches on virtually every aspect of life, from banking and finance and welfare to men's and women's roles and the environment. The two main religious festivals are Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The three holiest sites in Islam are Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Prophet's Mosque in Medina, and al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
Islamic thinkers of the early medieval period expressed ideas and engaged in debates that would appear strangely enlightened in comparison with the attitudes and views adopted by modern Islamic scholarship. [48] An example being the toleration of medieval physician, philosopher and alchemist Abu Bakr al-Razi (865–925 CE), who argued that the ...