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The Second Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrial development, primarily in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States, but also in France, the Low Countries, Italy and Japan. It followed on from the First Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the late 18th century that then spread throughout Western Europe.
The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history, comparable only to humanity's adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement. [11] The Industrial Revolution influenced in some way almost every aspect of daily life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth.
Various technological revolutions have been defined as successors of the original Industrial Revolution. The sequence includes: The first Industrial Revolution; The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution; The Third Industrial Revolution, better known as the Digital Revolution; The Fourth Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution altered the U.S. economy and set the stage for the United States to dominate technological change and growth in the Second Industrial Revolution and the Gilded Age. [28] The Industrial Revolution also saw a decrease in labor shortages which had characterized the U.S. economy through its early years. [29]
Technical Revolution or Second Industrial Revolution (1870–1920) Scientific-technical revolution (1940–1970) Information and telecommunications revolution, also known as the Digital Revolution or Third Industrial Revolution (1975–2021) Some say we’re on the brink of a Fourth Industrial Revolution, aka “Technological Revolution” (2020s)
Methods for industrial production of interchangeable parts in the United States were first developed in the nineteenth century. The term American system of manufacturing was sometimes applied to them at the time, in distinction from earlier methods.
During the Second Industrial Revolution, a major factor of productivity growth was the substitution of inanimate power for human and animal labor. Also there was a great increase in power as steam-powered electricity generation and internal combustion supplanted limited wind and water power . [ 21 ]
High productivity growth began during the late 19th century in what is sometimes called the Second Industrial Revolution. Most major innovations of the Second Industrial Revolution were based on the modern scientific understanding of chemistry, electromagnetic theory and thermodynamics and other principles known to the profession of engineering.