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Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.
Density-dependent mortality can be overcompensating, undercompensating or exactly compensating. [citation needed] There also exists density-independent inhibition, where other factors such as weather or environmental conditions and disturbances may affect a population's carrying capacity. [citation needed]
Ecologists have been unable to successfully explain regular population cycles for many decades; delayed density dependence may hold the answer. [2] Here populations are allowed to increase above their normal capacity because there is a time lag until negative feedback mechanisms bring the population back down.
A population exhibiting a weak Allee effect will possess a reduced per capita growth rate (directly related to individual fitness of the population) at lower population density or size. However, even at this low population size or density, the population will always exhibit a positive per capita growth rate.
The rate at which a population increases in size if there are no density-dependent forces regulating the population is known as the intrinsic rate of increase.It is = where the derivative / is the rate of increase of the population, N is the population size, and r is the intrinsic rate of increase.
Density-independent: Affect a population equally regardless of its density. Examples: [1] A winter freeze may kill a constant fraction of potato leafhoppers in a peanut field regardless of the total number of leafhoppers. Japanese beetle larvae survive well with lots of summer rain.
A demographic structure of a population is how populations are often quantified. The total number of individuals in a population is defined as a population size, and how dense these individuals are is defined as population density. There is also a population's geographic range, which has limits that a species can tolerate (such as temperature).
It focuses on how populations are distributed across space, the factors influencing these distributions, and the implications for resources, environment, and societal development. This branch of geography integrates demographic data with spatial analysis to understand patterns such as population density, urbanization, and migration trends.