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Panentheism, the belief that a deity is a part of the universe as well as transcending it. Pantheism, a doctrine identifying the deity with the universe and its phenomena. Polytheism, the worship of or belief in more than one god. idolism, the belief in or worship of idols. These positions are all contrasted by atheism, the non-belief in god.
In monotheistic belief systems, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith. [1] In polytheistic belief systems, a god is "a spirit or being believed to have created, or for controlling some part of the universe or life, for which such a deity is often worshipped". [2]
Religious epistemologists formulated and defended reasons for the rationality of accepting belief in God without the support of an argument. [88] Some religious epistemologists hold that belief in God is more analogous to belief in a person than belief in a scientific hypothesis. Human relations demand trust and commitment.
Atheism is commonly understood as non-acceptance or outright rejection of theism in the broadest sense of the term (i.e., non-acceptance or rejection of belief in God or gods). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Related (but separate) is the claim that the existence of any deity is unknown or unknowable; a stance known as agnosticism .
More specifically, it may also mean the belief in God, a god, or gods, who is/are actively involved in maintaining the Universe. This secondary meaning is shown in context to other beliefs concerning the divine. The term is attested in English from 1678, and was probably coined to contrast with atheism attested from ca. 1587.
Belief-in, on the other hand, is more closely related to notions like trust or faith in that it refers usually to an attitude to persons. [31] Belief-in plays a central role in many religious traditions in which belief in God is one of the central virtues of their followers. [32]
This passage concerning the function of faith in relation to the covenant of God is often used as a definition of faith. Υποστασις (hy-po'sta-sis), translated "assurance" here, commonly appears in ancient papyrus business documents, conveying the idea that a covenant is an exchange of assurances which guarantees the future transfer of possessions described in the contract.
[67] [68] Pantheism is the belief that the universe itself is God [38] or that everything composes an all-encompassing, immanent deity. [39] Pandeism is an intermediate position between these, proposing that the creator became a pantheistic universe. [69] Panentheism is the belief that divinity pervades the universe, but that it also transcends ...