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  2. Equivalence (translation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_(translation)

    The translator should first try to grasp the meaning of the subject, and then state the theme with perfect clarity in the other language. This, however, cannot be done without changing the order of words, putting many words for one word, and vice versa, so that the subject be perfectly intelligible in the language into which he translates.

  3. Philosophy of language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_language

    Philosophy of language is the area of philosophy which investigates the nature of language and the relations between language, language users, and the world. [1] Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning , intentionality , reference , the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning , and thought .

  4. Innateness hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innateness_hypothesis

    In linguistics, the innateness hypothesis, also known as the nativist hypothesis, holds that humans are born with at least some knowledge of linguistic structure.On this hypothesis, language acquisition involves filling in the details of an innate blueprint rather than being an entirely inductive process.

  5. Dictionary-based machine translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary-based_machine...

    With the combined power inherent in both systems, coupled with the fact that a Dictionary-Based Machine Translation works best with a "word-for-word bilingual dictionary" [3] lists of words it demonstrates the fact that a coupling of this two translation engines would generate a very powerful translation tool that is, besides being semantically ...

  6. Dynamic and formal equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_and_formal_equivalence

    The translator should first try to grasp the meaning of the subject, and then state the theme with perfect clarity in the other language. This, however, cannot be done without changing the order of words, putting many words for one word, and vice versa, so that the subject be perfectly intelligible in the language into which he translates.

  7. Comparison of different machine translation approaches

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_different...

    A DMT system is designed for a specific source and target language pair and the translation unit of which is usually a word. Translation is then performed on representations of the source sentence structure and meaning respectively through syntactic and semantic transfer approaches. A transfer-based machine translation system involves three ...

  8. Original enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_enlightenment

    Original enlightenment or innate awakening (Chinese: 本覺; pinyin: běnjué; Japanese pronunciation: hongaku; Korean pronunciation: bongak) is an East Asian Buddhist doctrine often translated as "inherent", "innate", "intrinsic" or "original" awakeness. [2] This doctrine holds all sentient beings are already enlightened or awakened in some way.

  9. Innatism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innatism

    Descartes’ comparison of innate knowledge to an innate disease, whose symptoms may show up only later in life, unless prohibited by a factor like age or puberty, suggests that if an event occurs prohibiting someone from exhibiting an innate behaviour or knowledge, it doesn't mean the knowledge did not exist at all but rather it wasn't ...