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Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a disease caused by fungi. [ 5 ] [ 13 ] Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous , and systemic.
Humans' clinical signs consist of swelling and eye infections. Nodules underneath the skin, abscesses or cysts may be present. [15] and lesions can run throughout the body, [16] including papules, plaques and granulomatous damage. [16] In extreme cases there can be deep infections within the eyes, bones, heart and central nervous system. [17]
Worldwide, superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes are estimated to infect around 20-25% of the population and it is thought that dermatophytes infect 10-15% of the population during their lifetime. [31] [32] The highest incidence of superficial mycoses result from dermatophytoses which are most prevalent in tropical regions.
Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea, which can lead to blindness. [2] It generally presents with a red, painful eye and blurred vision. [1] There is also increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge.
Malassezia furfur is a fungus that lives on the superficial layers of the dermis.It generally exists as a commensal organism forming a natural part of the human skin microbiota, but it can gain pathogenic capabilities when morphing from a yeast to a hyphal form during its life cycle, through unknown molecular changes. [2]
Fungal growth is robust at 37 °C (99 °F), the temperature of the human body. [5] Growth is poor above 40 °C (104 °F), but colonies can survive at 42 °C (108 °F) for two weeks. [5] Scytalidium hyalinum is able to hydrolyse gelatin, casein, tyrosine, olive oil, and urea. [5]
The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, a squamous epithelium with several strata: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. [8] Nourishment is provided to these layers by diffusion from the dermis since the epidermis is without direct blood supply.
Dermatophyte (from Greek δέρμα derma "skin" (GEN δέρματος dermatos) and φυτόν phyton "plant") [1] is a common label for a group of fungus of Arthrodermataceae that commonly causes skin disease in animals and humans. [2] Traditionally, these anamorphic (asexual or imperfect fungi) mold genera are: Microsporum, Epidermophyton ...