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Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a disease caused by fungi. [ 5 ] [ 13 ] Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous , and systemic.
Humans' clinical signs consist of swelling and eye infections. Nodules underneath the skin, abscesses or cysts may be present. [15] and lesions can run throughout the body, [16] including papules, plaques and granulomatous damage. [16] In extreme cases there can be deep infections within the eyes, bones, heart and central nervous system. [17]
Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea, which can lead to blindness. [2] It generally presents with a red, painful eye and blurred vision. [1] There is also increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge.
Worldwide, superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes are estimated to infect around 20-25% of the population and it is thought that dermatophytes infect 10-15% of the population during their lifetime. [31] [32] The highest incidence of superficial mycoses result from dermatophytoses which are most prevalent in tropical regions.
Malassezia furfur is a fungus that lives on the superficial layers of the dermis.It generally exists as a commensal organism forming a natural part of the human skin microbiota, but it can gain pathogenic capabilities when morphing from a yeast to a hyphal form during its life cycle, through unknown molecular changes. [2]
Fungal growth is robust at 37 °C (99 °F), the temperature of the human body. [5] Growth is poor above 40 °C (104 °F), but colonies can survive at 42 °C (108 °F) for two weeks. [5] Scytalidium hyalinum is able to hydrolyse gelatin, casein, tyrosine, olive oil, and urea. [5]
Infection usually begins in the mouth or nose and enters the central nervous system via the eyes. [5] If the fungal infection begins in the nose or sinus and extends to brain, symptoms and signs may include one-sided eye pain or headache, and may be accompanied by pain in the face, numbness, fever, loss of smell, a blocked nose or runny nose.
Zygomycosis is the broadest term to refer to infections caused by bread mold fungi of the zygomycota phylum. However, because zygomycota has been identified as polyphyletic, and is not included in modern fungal classification systems, the diseases that zygomycosis can refer to are better called by their specific names: mucormycosis [1] (after Mucorales), phycomycosis [2] (after Phycomycetes ...