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The exact numerical values for the coefficients deviate (somewhat) between different Earth models but for the lowest coefficients they all agree almost exactly. For the JGM-3 model the values are: μ = 398600.440 km 3 ⋅s −2 J 2 = 1.75553 × 10 10 km 5 ⋅s −2 J 3 = −2.61913 × 10 11 km 6 ⋅s −2
Zonal, sectoral, and tesseral harmonics are depicted along the left-most column, the main diagonal, and elsewhere, respectively. (The negative order harmonics Y â„“ ( − m ) {\displaystyle Y_{\ell (-m)}} would be shown rotated about the z axis by 90 ∘ / m {\displaystyle 90^{\circ }/m} with respect to the positive order ones.)
The zonal spherical harmonics are rotationally invariant, meaning that () = () for every orthogonal transformation R.Conversely, any function f(x,y) on S n−1 ×S n−1 that is a spherical harmonic in y for each fixed x, and that satisfies this invariance property, is a constant multiple of the degree â„“ zonal harmonic.
Zonal and meridional flow are directions and regions of fluid flow on a globe. Zonal flow follows a pattern along latitudinal lines, latitudinal circles or in the west–east direction. [ 1 ] Meridional flow follows a pattern from north to south, or from south to north, along the Earth's longitude lines, longitudinal circles ( meridian ) or in ...
a) shows the mean zonal surface currents within the Atlantic in the first half-year (Jan-Jun) of 1997. b) shows the second half (Jul-Dec). These two figures show a strong seasonality, with NECC stronger during July to December. Positive values (red) represent eastward flow, negative values (blue) for westward flow.
Zonal pricing In a review of electricity market arrangements, the government is considering an alternative model for pricing electricity, dubbed zonal pricin g .
Zonal wavenumbers are typically counted on the upper level (say 500-millibar) geopotential maps by identifying troughs and ridges of the waves. Wavenumber 1 has one trough and one ridge, i.e. one wavelength fits 2π = 360°. Wavenumber 2 has two ridges and two troughs around 360°. Wavenumber 0 corresponds to zonal (symmetric) flow.
Positive values imply that wind stress is directed toward the North [9] The global annual mean wind stress forces the global ocean circulation. Typical values for the wind stress are about 0.1Pa and, in general, the zonal wind stress is stronger than the meridional wind stress as can be seen in figures 2.1 and 2.2.