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A cluster-randomised controlled trial is a type of randomised controlled trial in which groups of subjects (as opposed to individual subjects) are randomised. [1] Cluster randomised controlled trials are also known as cluster-randomised trials , [ 2 ] group-randomised trials , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and place-randomized trials . [ 5 ]
The stepped-wedge design involves the collection of observations during a baseline period in which no clusters are exposed to the intervention. Following this, at regular intervals, or steps, a cluster (or group of clusters) is randomized to receive the intervention [5] [6] and all participants are once again measured. [7]
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; [2] RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices , diagnostic procedures , diets or other medical treatments.
In survey research, the design effect is a number that shows how well a sample of people may represent a larger group of people for a specific measure of interest (such as the mean). This is important when the sample comes from a sampling method that is different than just picking people using a simple random sample .
Clinical study design; Clinical trial; Clinical utility of diagnostic tests; Cliodynamics; Closed testing procedure; Cluster analysis; Cluster randomised controlled trial; Cluster sampling; Cluster-weighted modeling; Clustering high-dimensional data; CMA-ES (Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy) Coalescent theory; Cochran's C test ...
The main CONSORT Statement is based on the "standard" two-group parallel design. Extensions of the CONSORT Statement have been developed to give additional guidance for randomized trials with specific designs (e.g., cluster randomized trials, [3] noninferiority and equivalence trials, [4] pragmatic trials [5]), data (e.g., harms, [6] abstracts [7]), type of target outcome, [8] and various ...
Random assignment or random placement is an experimental technique for assigning human participants or animal subjects to different groups in an experiment (e.g., a treatment group versus a control group) using randomization, such as by a chance procedure (e.g., flipping a coin) or a random number generator. [1]
In the design of experiments, the simplest design for comparing treatments is the "completely randomized design". Some "restriction on randomization" can occur with blocking and experiments that have hard-to-change factors; additional restrictions on randomization can occur when a full randomization is infeasible or when it is desirable to ...