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Overbite is the extent of vertical (superior-inferior) overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors, [1] measured relative to the incisal ridges. [2] The term overbite does not refer to a specific condition, nor is it a form of malocclusion. Rather an absent or excess overbite would be a malocclusion.
Class II: The retrusion of the lower jaw with distal occlusion of the lower teeth (or in other words, the maxillary first molar occludes anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molars) [4] Class II div 1: class II relationship with proclined upper central incisors (overjet)
If the lower incisor is anterior to the upper incisors, the overjet is given a negative value. [11] In the UK, an overjet is generally described as increased if it is >3.5 mm (0.14 in). The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need rates overjet highly on its weighting system, second behind missing teeth. It then grades severity of overjet as: [12]
Class II: The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors Division 1 – the upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increase in overjet; Division 2 – The upper central incisors are retroclined. The overjet is usually minimal or may be increased. Class III: The lower ...
Anterior open bite resulted from tongue thrusting in a 24 y.o. patient. Anterior upper teeth are not touching their counterpart. Anterior open bite (AOB) is defined as a condition in which there is no contact and no vertical overlap of the lower incisor crown with the upper incisor crown when the mandible is in full occlusion. [19]
Other impacted teeth, especially canines or incisors, can be aligned with the rest of the dental arch by orthodontic treatment, thus regaining and retaining their mechanical and aesthetic function. In some cases, impacted teeth can be let sleeping inside the alveolus, but periodical check-ups are required for a possible pathological development.
In 1891, Victor Haderup devised a variant of eight tooth quadrant system in which plus (+) and minus (-) were used to differentiate between upper and lower quadrants, and between right and left quadrants (e.g., +1 = upper right central incisor; 1- = lower left central incisor). Primary teeth were numbered as upper right (05+ to 01+), lower left ...
Upper and Lower Jaw Functional Expanders. This is a comprehensive list of functional appliances that are used in the field of orthodontics. The functional appliances can be divided into fixed and removable. The fixed functional appliances have to be bonded to the teeth by an orthodontist.