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A black hole of one solar mass (M ☉ = 2.0 × 10 30 kg) takes more than 10 67 years to evaporate—much longer than the current age of the universe at 1.4 × 10 10 years. [24] But for a black hole of 10 11 kg, the evaporation time is 2.6 × 10 9 years. This is why some astronomers are searching for signs of exploding primordial black holes.
This idea suggests that Hawking radiation stops before the black hole reaches the Planck size. Since the black hole never evaporates, information about its initial state can remain inside the black hole and the paradox disappears. But there is no accepted mechanism that would allow Hawking radiation to stop while the black hole remains macroscopic.
If black holes evaporate via Hawking radiation, a solar mass black hole will evaporate (beginning once the temperature of the cosmic microwave background drops below that of the black hole) over a period of 10 64 years. [152] A supermassive black hole with a mass of 10 11 M ☉ will evaporate in around 2×10 100 years. [153]
At present, it is expected by the Hawking radiation mechanism that the primary impact of quantum effects is for event horizons to possess a temperature and so emit radiation. For black holes, this manifests as Hawking radiation, and the larger question of how the black hole possesses a temperature is part of the topic of black hole thermodynamics.
Hawking radiation is the hypothetical blackbody radiation emitted by black holes, at a temperature that depends on the mass, charge, and spin of the hole. If this prediction is correct, black holes will very gradually shrink and evaporate over time as they lose mass by the emission of photons and other particles. A black body radiates energy at ...
Ergosphere – region located outside a rotating black hole. Hawking radiation – black-body radiation that is predicted to be emitted by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon. [2] Penrose process – process theorised by Roger Penrose wherein energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole.
In physics, black hole thermodynamics [1] is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons.As the study of the statistical mechanics of black-body radiation led to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics, the effort to understand the statistical mechanics of black holes has had a deep impact upon the ...
In other words, if enough radiation is aimed into a region of space, the concentration of energy can warp spacetime so much that it creates a black hole. This would be a black hole the original mass–energy of which was in the form of radiant energy rather than matter; [1] however, there is currently no uniformly accepted method of ...