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A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages.
English language serves as the basic instruction language in the Nigeria education system. It is a measure of the evaluation of student's school performance, hence the need for it being a compulsory subject in Nigerian's schools. After independence, the Nigerian educational system remained the same as the colonial era. In Nigeria, English ...
Another source has estimated that communication disorders—a larger category, which also includes hearing disorders—affect one of every 10 people in the United States. [ 13 ] ASHA has cited that 24.1% of children in school in the fall of 2003 received services for speech or language disorders—this amounts to a total of 1,460,583 children ...
The problematique analysis procedure is a naturalistic approach [170] that seeks to discover the influential factors [81] and describe the structure of problems that exist in communication systems (Librero, 1993; Flor, 1991). The basic purpose of this approach, according to Librero (1993), is to identify the problem rather than the solution.
Shannon and Weaver distinguish three types of problems of communication: technical, semantic, and effectiveness problems. They focus on the technical level, which concerns the problem of how to use a signal to accurately reproduce a message from one location to another location. The difficulty in this regard is that noise may distort the signal.
The U.S. Commerce Department said Wednesday it has finalized a $1.5 billion government subsidy for GlobalFoundries to expand semiconductor production in Malta, New York and Vermont. The binding ...
A presentation program is commonly used to generate the presentation content, some of which also allow presentations to be developed collaboratively, e.g. using the Internet by geographically disparate collaborators. Presentation viewers can be used to combine content from different sources into one presentation.
The College Football Playoff got underway Friday but the main course is spread out through Saturday. Three first-round games will be played across three separate campus sites from State College ...