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Fire regimes of United States plants. Savannas have regimes of a few years: blue, pink, and light green areas. When first encountered by Europeans, many ecosystems were the result of repeated fires every one to three years, resulting in the replacement of forests with grassland or savanna, or opening up the forest by removing undergrowth. [23]
This in turn increased the forests' resistance to drought and fire with the smoke from the small regular fires even decreasing pests and pathogen levels in the forests leading to a healthier tree stand. [6] Without fire, California forests are now experiencing and over-densification of conifer trees which crowd out understory species and hinder ...
Managers must also take into account, however, how invasive and non-native species respond to fire if they want to restore the integrity of a native ecosystem. For example, fire can only control the invasive spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) on the Michigan tallgrass prairie in the summer, because this is the time in the knapweed's life ...
Fire started by lightning has always been a part of the natural life cycle in the Western U.S., and for centuries Native Americans also carried out controlled burns, referred to as cultural burns ...
The Grass Fire (1908) by Frederic Remington depicts Native American men setting fire to a grassy plain. Native American use of fire in ecosystems are part of the environmental cycles and maintenance of wildlife habitats that sustain the cultures and economies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Indigenous peoples have used burning ...
Intentional burning of vegetation was taken up to mimic the effects of natural fires that tended to clear forest understories, thereby making travel easier and facilitating the growth of herbs and berry-producing plants that were important for both food and medicines. [6] In some areas, the effects of Native Americans fires would mimic natural ...
Controlled burns in prairie ecosystems mimic low intensity fires that shift the composition of plants from non-native species to native species. [6] These controlled burns occur during the early spring before native plants begin actively growing, when soil moisture is higher and when the fuel load on the ground is low [ 27 ] to ensure that the ...
However, plants have their own ways to survive a fire event or recover after a fire. The strategies can be classified into three types: resist (above-ground parts survive fire), recover (evade mortality by sprouting), and recruit (seed germination after the fire). Fire plays a role as a filter that can select different fire response traits. [6]