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The conference of Berlin, as illustrated in German newspaper Die Gartenlaube The conference of Berlin, as illustrated in Illustrirte Zeitung. The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 was a meeting of colonial powers that concluded with the signing of the General Act of Berlin, [1] an agreement regulating European colonisation and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period.
The 1884 Berlin Conference regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa, and is seen as emblematic of the "scramble". [6] In the last quarter of the 19th century, there were considerable political rivalries between the European empires , which provided the impetus for the colonisation. [ 7 ]
After the 1884 Berlin Conference, Germany had been losing out in the "Scramble for Africa". The German East Africa Company under Carl Peters had acquired a strip of land on the Tanganyikan coast (leading to the 1888 Abushiri Revolt ), but had never had any control over the islands of the Zanzibar sultanate.
Scramble for Africa: Africa in the years 1880 and 1913, just before the First World War. The Scramble for Africa between 1870 and 1914 was a significant period of European imperialism in Africa that ended with almost all of Africa, and its natural resources, claimed as colonies by European powers, who raced to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves.
In 1884, pursuant to the Berlin Conference, colonies were officially established on the African west coast, often in areas already inhabited by German missionaries and merchants. The following year gunboats were dispatched to East Africa to contest the Sultan of Zanzibar's claims of sovereignty over the mainland in what is today Tanzania.
The large number of competing interests caused the Association to fracture and disintegrate over each member state's national interests. The Association's break-up eventually forced the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885, effectively beginning what became known as the Scramble for Africa. Despite the failure of the initial committee, the Belgian ...
After the 1885 Berlin Conference regarding West Africa, Europe's great powers went after any remaining lands in Africa that were not already under another European nation's influence. This period in African history is usually termed the Scramble for Africa by modern historiography.
The Scramble in the Horn of Africa: History of Somalia (1827–1977). Mogadishu: Somali Publications. OCLC 769997657. Paice, E. (2009) [2007]. Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa (Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-7538-2349-1. Rotberg, R. I. (1971). "Psychological Stress and the Question of Identity ...