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In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around either the barycenter (the combined center of mass) or, if one body is much more massive than the other bodies of the system combined, its speed relative to the center of mass of the most massive body.
The mean orbital velocity needed to maintain a stable low Earth orbit is about 7.8 km/s (4.8 mi/s), which translates to 28,000 km/h (17,000 mph). However, this depends on the exact altitude of the orbit.
The energy required to reach Earth orbital velocity at an altitude of 600 km (370 mi) is about 36 MJ/kg, which is six times the energy needed merely to climb to the corresponding altitude. [ 4 ] Spacecraft with a perigee below about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) are subject to drag from the Earth's atmosphere, [ 5 ] which decreases the orbital altitude.
Orbital velocity may refer to the following: The orbital angular velocity; The orbital speed of a revolving body in a gravitational field. The velocity of particles ...
3.67 × 10 −5: 2.28 × 10 −5: 3.40 ... 320 km/h or 200 mph is a parameter sometimes used in defining a supercar. ... Mean orbital velocity of the Moon around Earth.
The planet has wild variations in its weather as it orbits its parent star. Computer models predict the planet heats up 555 K (1,000 °F) in just a matter of hours, triggering "shock wave storms" that ripple out from the point facing its star, with winds that move at around 5 kilometres per second (3.1 mi/s; 11,000 mph). [12] [14]
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Orbital position vector, orbital velocity vector, other orbital elements. In astrodynamics and celestial dynamics, the orbital state vectors (sometimes state vectors) of an orbit are Cartesian vectors of position and velocity that together with their time () uniquely determine the trajectory of the orbiting body in space.