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The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Number of C atoms
In an alkane, each carbon atom is sp 3-hybridized with 4 sigma bonds (either C–C or C–H), and each hydrogen atom is joined to one of the carbon atoms (in a C–H bond). The longest series of linked carbon atoms in a molecule is known as its carbon skeleton or carbon backbone. The number of carbon atoms may be considered as the size of the ...
Many solid alkanes find use as paraffin wax, used for lubrication, electrical insulation, and candles. Paraffin wax should not be confused with beeswax , which consists primarily of esters . Alkanes with a chain length of approximately 35 or more carbon atoms are found in bitumen (asphalt), used (for example) in road surfacing.
Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 12 —that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane ...
The side chains are: an ethyl- at carbon 4, an ethyl- at carbon 8, and a butyl- at carbon 12. Note: the −O−CH 3 at carbon atom 15 is not a side chain, but it is a methoxy functional group. There are two ethyl- groups. They are combined to create, 4,8-diethyl. The side chains are grouped like this: 12-butyl-4,8-diethyl.
If one of the methyl groups attached to the third carbon atom were instead an ethyl group, then the name would be 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane. When there are different alkyl groups, they are listed in alphabetical order. In addition, each position on an alkyl chain can be described according to how many other carbon atoms are attached to it.
In the case of chlorination, one of the chlorine atoms replaces a hydrogen atom. The reactions proceed via free-radical pathways, in which the halogen first dissociates into a two neutral radical atoms (homolytic fission). CH 4 + Cl 2 → CH 3 Cl + HCl CH 3 Cl + Cl 2 → CH 2 Cl 2 + HCl. all the way to CCl 4 (carbon tetrachloride) C 2 H 6 + Cl ...
Neopentane, also called 2,2-dimethylpropane, is a double-branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Neopentane is a flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher pressure.