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In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. [1] Alkanes have the general chemical formula C n H 2n+2.
Molecular Formula Name of straight chain Synonyms 1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas 2 1 1 C 2 H 6: ethane: dimethyl; ethyl hydride; methyl methane 3 1 1 C 3 H 8: propane: dimethyl methane; propyl hydride 4 2 2 C 4 H 10: n-butane: butyl hydride; methylethyl methane 5 3 3 C 5 H 12: n-pentane: amyl hydride; Skellysolve A 6 5 5 C 6 H ...
There are also a large number of branched or ring alkanes that have specific names, e.g., tert-butyl, bornyl, cyclohexyl, etc. There are several functional groups that contain an alkene such as vinyl group, allyl group, or acrylic group. Hydrocarbons may form charged structures: positively charged carbocations or negative carbanions.
In chemistry, an open-chain compound (or open chain compound) or acyclic compound (Greek prefix α 'without' and κύκλος 'cycle') is a compound with a linear structure, rather than a cyclic one. [1] An open-chain compound having no side groups is called a straight-chain compound (also spelled as straight chain compound).
3D structure A Newman projection is a drawing that helps visualize the 3-dimensional structure of a molecule. [ 1 ] This projection most commonly sights down a carbon-carbon bond, making it a very useful way to visualize the stereochemistry of alkanes.
Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H 3 C(CH 2) 5 CH 3 or C 7 H 16.When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale (the 100 point is 100% iso-octane).
Icosane (alternative spelling eicosane and eichosane [2]) is an alkane with the chemical formula C 20 H 42.It has 366,319 constitutional isomers.. n-Icosane (the straight-chain structural isomer of icosane) is the shortest compound found in paraffin waxes used to form candles.
The simplest alkene, ethylene (C 2 H 4) (or "ethene" in the IUPAC nomenclature) is the organic compound produced on the largest scale industrially. [5] Aromatic compounds are often drawn as cyclic alkenes, however their structure and properties are sufficiently distinct that they are not classified as alkenes or olefins. [3]