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Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage. [1] Specifically, it is the fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele over the total population or sample size.
A null allele is a gene variant that lacks the gene's normal function because it either is not expressed, or the expressed protein is inactive. For example, at the gene locus for the ABO blood type carbohydrate antigens in humans, [13] classical genetics recognizes three alleles, I A, I B, and i, which determine compatibility of blood transfusions.
This is the gene described in The Selfish Gene. [9] More thorough discussions of this version of a gene can be found in the articles Genetics and Gene-centered view of evolution. The molecular gene definition is more commonly used across biochemistry, molecular biology, and most of genetics—the gene that is described in terms of DNA sequence. [1]
The population mean of the equivalent panmictic is found as [a (p •-q •) + 2 p • q • d] + mp. Using the example gene effects (white label "9" in the diagram), this mean is = 37.87. The equivalent mean in the dispersed bulk is 36.94 (black label "10"), which is depressed by the amount 0.93.
Also in 2016, Quizlet launched "Quizlet Live", a real-time online matching game where teams compete to answer all 12 questions correctly without an incorrect answer along the way. [15] In 2017, Quizlet created a premium offering called "Quizlet Go" (later renamed "Quizlet Plus"), with additional features available for paid subscribers.
The genomic control method was introduced in 1999 and is a relatively nonparametric method for controlling the inflation of test statistics. [30] It is also possible to use unlinked genetic markers to estimate each individual's ancestry proportions from some K subpopulations, which are assumed to be unstructured. [ 31 ]
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion. [1] Gene conversion can be either allelic, meaning that one allele of the same gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, meaning that one paralogous DNA sequence converts another.
An inducible gene is a gene whose expression is either responsive to environmental change or dependent on the position in the cell cycle. Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from the DNA-RNA transcription step to post-translational modification of a protein. The stability of the final gene product, whether it is RNA or protein, also ...