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The gender gap in life expectancy suggests differences in the aging process between males and females. A key factor underlying aging is considered to be DNA damage, particularly DNA double-strand breaks, and the capability to repair these damages declines with age. [128]
Cell autonomous sex identity arises from the intrinsic properties of individual cells, determined by genetic and epigenetic factors encoded by their sex chromosomes. Unlike hormone-driven sex differentiation, where external chemical signals guide the development of sexual traits, CASI relies on the direct expression of genes and regulatory ...
In a large number of organisms, the sex-determination systems presently observed are products of sex chromosome turnover. Sex chromosome turnover is a process defined as when the type of the sex chromosome changes as a product of a change in the identity of the sex-determining genes (such as by mutation) or by a change in their location. [28]
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Nucleus of a female amniotic fluid cell. Top: Both X-chromosome territories are detected by FISH. Shown is a single optical section made with a confocal microscope. Bottom: Same nucleus stained with DAPI and recorded with a CCD camera. The Barr body is indicated by the arrow, it identifies the inactive X (Xi).
Just like your sexuality can be fluid, your gender identity can be, too. Genderfluid means someone's gender identity varies over time. Their identity may vary depending on the circumstances and ...
[16] [17] IQ tests that measure fluid g and have not been constructed to eliminate sex differences also tend to show that sex differences are either non-existent or negligible. [17] [18] 2008 research found that, for grades 2 to 11, there were no significant gender differences in math skills among the general population. [19]
All animals have a set of DNA coding for genes present on chromosomes. In humans, most mammals, and some other species, two of the chromosomes, called the X chromosome and Y chromosome, code for sex. In these species, one or more genes are present on their Y chromosome that determine maleness.