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Eosinophilia is a condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds 5 × 10 8 /L (500/μL). [1] Hypereosinophilia is an elevation in an individual's circulating blood eosinophil count above 1.5 × 10 9 / L (i.e. 1,500/ μL ).
Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a disease characterized by a persistently elevated eosinophil count (≥ 1500 eosinophils/mm³) in the blood for at least six months without any recognizable cause, with involvement of either the heart, nervous system, or bone marrow. [5]
For instance, patients with eosinophilic asthma have high levels of eosinophils that lead to inflammation and tissue damage, making it more difficult for patients to breathe. [6] [7] Eosinophils persist in the circulation for 8–12 hours, and can survive in tissue for an additional 8–12 days in the absence of stimulation. [8]
In 1987, however, a 42-year-old male patient was described who presented with cardiac failure, mitral heart valve regurgitation, pericardial effusion, splenomegaly, kidney dysfunction, non-specific skin lesions, a six-year history of eosinophilia, and, on admission, an eosinophil blood count of 7,150 per microliter (normal <500/microliter), a ...
Typically, the disorder is associated with hypereosinophilia, i.e. an eosinophil blood cell count greater than 1,500 per microliter (normal 100 to 400 per microliter). It is distinguished from non-eosinophilic myocarditis , which is heart inflammation caused by other types of white blood cells, i.e. lymphocytes and monocytes , as well as the ...
Studies on other disorders associated with high levels of blood eosinophils (e.g. childhood asthma, schistosomiasis) have likewise linked eosinophilia to the q31-q33 area of chromosome 5. The 5q31-q33 region contains a cytokine gene cluster that includes genes for Interleukin 3 , interleukin 5 , and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating ...
Clonal hypereosinophilia, also termed primary hypereosinophilia or clonal eosinophilia, is a grouping of hematological disorders all of which are characterized by the development and growth of a pre-malignant or malignant population of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that occupies the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues.
Laboratory tests typical of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia include increased levels of eosinophils in the blood, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, iron deficiency anemia, and increased platelets. A chest X-ray can show abnormalities anywhere, but the most specific finding is increased shadow in the periphery of the lungs, away from the heart.