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The speech banana is a banana-shaped region where the sounds of human languages appear on an audiogram. (An audiogram is a graphical representation of someone's ability to hear over a range of frequencies and loudness levels. Hearing on an audiogram is displayed as frequency in Hertz on the x-axis and loudness in decibels on the y-axis.)
The intensities displayed on the audiogram appear as linear 10 dBHL steps. However, decibels are a logarithimic scale, so that successive 10 dB increments represent greater increases in loudness. For humans, normal hearing is between −10 dB(HL) and 15 dB(HL), [2] [3] although 0 dB from 250 Hz to 8 kHz is deemed to be 'average' normal hearing.
Minimum audibility curve is a standardized graph of the threshold of hearing frequency for an average human, and is used as the reference level when measuring hearing loss with an audiometer as shown on an audiogram.
In many industrial settings noise exposure metrics have been established to quantify human exposure to sound. In aerospace settings the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), published in 1986 by the American National Standards Institute, is a major revision of the AI standard and defines computational methods "that produce results highly correlated with the intelligibility of speech under a ...
The graphs in Figure B are a series of masking patterns, also known as masking audiograms. Each graph shows the amount of masking produced at each masker frequency shown at the top corner, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. For example, in the first graph the masker is presented at a frequency of 250 Hz at the same time as the signal.
The first research on the topic of how the ear hears different frequencies at different levels was conducted by Fletcher and Munson in 1933. Until recently, it was common to see the term Fletcher–Munson used to refer to equal-loudness contours generally, even though a re-determination was carried out by Robinson and Dadson in 1956, which became the basis for an ISO 226 standard.
[1] [2] The absolute threshold is not a discrete point and is therefore classed as the point at which a sound elicits a response a specified percentage of the time. [ 1 ] The threshold of hearing is generally reported in reference to the RMS sound pressure of 20 micropascals , i.e. 0 dB SPL, corresponding to a sound intensity of 0.98 pW/m 2 at ...
Grapher is a computer program bundled with macOS since version 10.4 that is able to create 2D and 3D graphs from simple and complex equations.It includes a variety of samples ranging from differential equations to 3D-rendered Toroids and Lorenz attractors.